Membrane roofing is a type of roofing system for buildings, RV's, Ponds and in some cases tanks. It is used to create a watertight covering to protect the interior of a building. Membrane roofs are most commonly made from synthetic rubber, thermoplastic (PVC or similar material), or modified bitumen. Membrane roofs are most commonly used in commercial application, though they are becoming increasingly common in residential application.[1][2]
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Types
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Single-Ply Membranes - There are three types of single-ply, or elastoplastic, products in use today that are defined by the chemical properties they possess. These are: (1) Cured (or vulcanized) elastomers, (2) Uncured elastomers, and (3) plastomers.
Cured Elastomers (often referred to as Thermoset ) – Thermosets are synthetic rubbers that have undergone the vulcanization or "Curing" process. Seams of materials are bonded by adhesives or chemicals, which over time weaken and separate unless maintained or reinforced. The finished roof’s thickness is usually between 30 and 120 mils(thousandths of an inch) (0.75 mm to 1.50 mm). The most commonly used Cured Elastomer membranes are Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (commonly EPDM) and Neoprene, although all thermoset products combined fail to account for more than 10% of all commercial roofing. This is in part due to studies being released in the 1980s-early 2000's showing the average lifespan of thermoset membranes between 15-20 years, although the products have undergone massive alterations since then. [3]
Uncured Elastomers (sometimes grouped with Thermosets for simplicity) - Uncured elastomers are installed in a manner similar to thermoplastics in that they can be heat or solvent welded. The material then cures over time once exposed to the elements, and then exhibits the same qualities as vulcanized elastomers. The most commonly used Uncured Elastomers are Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene (CSPE), Chlorinated Polyethylene (CPE), Polyisobutylene (PIB), Nitrile Butadiene Polymer (NBP), although none of the products are known to be commonly used in the last decade, in part due to environmental concerns brought up regarding the chemical curing processes in the late 90s. Thermosets are often referenced for their easy installation methods, high chemical resistances, having higher impact resistances (for some membranes), and resistance to high temperatures.
Plastomers (often referred to as Thermoplastics ) – Thermoplastics are membranes that are heat welded and develop strength in the welds at least equal to the original membrane material, forming a much stronger bond than chemically bonded thermosets. The most commonly used thermoplastics are PVC, KEE and TPO, taking up over 55% of the commercial roofing market. However, a common misconception is that these are the only types of materials.
Modified Bitumen – Polymer Modified Bitumen Membranes were developed in Europe in the mid-1960's and have been in common use throughout the United States since 1975. they are composed of one or more premanufactured sheets consisting of asphalt, reinforcing layers, and in some cases a surfacing is applied. During manufacture, plastics or rubbers are added to the bitumen while heating, modifying its properties to give it a higher softening point and greater elasticity. There are several ways of connecting pieces of this material. The most common method for bonding seams is by torch-application, however the options of hot-mopping, using cold adhesive, and self-adhering materials are still sometimes used. Copolymers commonly used to modify asphalt include atactic polypropylene (APP), styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), and styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS).[4]
Advantages Over asphalt flat roofing systems
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These application types of membrane roofing show distinct advantages over the previously more common flat roofing method of asphalt and gravel (commonly referred to as Built-Up-Roofs or "BUR"). In asphalt and gravel application, it can be very difficult to create a proper seal at all seams and connection points. This can cause a roof to leak early in its lifespan, and require much more maintenance. When installed correctly, newer materials are either seamless, or have seams as strong as the body. This eliminates most of the leakage concerns associated with flat roofing systems.
Repairs for asphalt and gravel roofs can be problematic, largely because it is difficult to locate the exact point of a leak. Newer systems can be patched relatively easily because breaks and leaks are easier to locate.[5]
Originally asphalt roofing required a layer of gravel above it for two reasons. First, asphalt with direct exposure to sunlight degrades much faster, mainly due to the expansion and contraction throughout a day, and also the damage created by UV rays. Secondly, asphalt needs weight above to hold it down, because it sits on the top of a building, instead of being attached to it. Each of the newer types of membrane roofing systems contain materials that resist expansion and contraction, as well as reflect much of the UV rays. In addition, because these membranes either lack seams or have stronger bonding than traditional BUR seams, when expansion and contraction does occur does not create leaks and breaks at these seams. These newer roofing systems are also usually attached directly to the top of a building, which eliminates the need for excess weight above.
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Waterproofing a roof is not something that many homeowners tend to worry about. Surely your roof is already sufficiently waterproof as is? It might start out that way but over the years, your roof might not be able to keep out even the tiniest of leaks. Roofs should have quality roofing maintenance done to them on a regular basis from the time they are installed to avoid issues further down the line.
Waterproofing is something you must always pay attention to, especially if you live in an area which experiences high amounts of humidity and rainfall, as well as strong winds and storms. Roofs need regular inspections and maintenance work throughout the year to prevent or fix any problems, such as a leaking roof, before it gets worse. We advise you to get your roof inspected twice a year and especially after any severe storms.
The style and installation of your roof are important for a durable roof and peace of mind. Some roof designs might be more susceptible to leakages. Sloped roofs promote satisfactory drainage as the water can run off the roof, rather than flatter roofs which might allow for water to pool.
Your roof should also allow for water to run off further from your home’s foundations as water seeping in can make them weaker. Correctly-installed and functioning gutters and proper drainage are essential. These factors will increase the lifespan of your roof and keep leaks at bay. Flashing is another important component of a waterproof roof. This is the metal that covers joints or projections in roofs to stop water seeping through the roof.
Water-Repellent Layers
To the average homeowner, a roof might look like a rather simple structure. But your roof is a complex system made up of various layers. These include a waterproofing method which creates a barrier underneath your roof tiles or shingles. It protects your home and its valuable possessions from harmful leaks.
A roofing membrane can be installed on the roof frame and act as extra protection against moisture beneath your roofing material (tiles or shingles are recommended options for effective waterproofing material).
If everything has been installed properly, the roof will keep your home dry and safe throughout the year.
Waterproof Roof Coating (GACO)
Waterproof roof coating (what we call GACO) is used on flat decks and not sloped roofs. This is a good option if your roof has no underlying damage. If it has issues such as holes or cracked flashing, you will first need to get those repaired before you use a surface-level method such as paint. This way of waterproofing is convenient and easy and aesthetically enhances your roof. But you get what you pay for and waterproofing paint should never be used as a temporary solution to a permanent problem. Rather, use it as an additional waterproofing system. Most good quality waterproofing paints also offer UV protection and a built-in membrane, both of which increase the longevity of your roof.
Get a licensed roofer to apply the waterproof roof paint before the rainy season and after any necessary repairs have been made on your roof. Applying the coating is a multifaceted process that involves various stages, each of which needs to be carried out carefully and skillfully.
Waterproofing your roof is something to seriously consider especially given the amount of rainfall we experience in South Florida. A leaky roof can cause permanent damage to your home and your valuable possessions. Waterproofing boosts your roof’s lifespan and overall value, especially when completed by licensed roofers. A licensed roofing contractor will inspect your roof and figure out the most effective waterproofing methods for your situation.
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